Best chess openings1/30/2024 ![]() This way, we ended up with a network composed of 2513 players and 982 openings (no player played 18 of the 1,000 openings during the time-laps we analyzed). In this first part of the analysis, we selected a sub-sample of chess players with a rating above 2000 and who played at least 100 games with Black and 100 games with White during the period considered, from October 2015 to September 2016 (one year). For instance, if a game between player A with White and player B with Black falls under ECO code C20 (King’s pawn game), then A is connected to the opening C20W (King’s pawn game with White), while B to the opening C20B (King’s pawn game with Black). Each ECO code corresponds to two nodes in the network since we distinguish between playing with White pieces or with Black pieces. We consider the 500 chess openings with their ECO code as appearing in the “Encyclopedia of Chess Openings” 10, 16. The Lichess platform uses the Glicko-2 system to rate players (see Data section). We chose Blitz games since this format is the most played online. In this study, we consider the bipartite network of chess players and chess openings, that we built using games played on the online chess platform 15 with a Blitz time control (see Data section). The vast number of different playable games, estimated by C. E. Shannon to be around \(10^=0\) otherwise. Other studies have focused on chess players’ ratings and their evolution 7, 8 as well as the popular level learning of the game 9. 6 showed that skilled players can be distinguished based on their gaming behavior, and the opening diversity of players tends to decrease over time, with the emergence of individual playing styles. 2, 3, 4 have shown that chess openings follow Heaps’ and Zipf’s laws, two statistical regularities that are often considered the footprint of complexity 5. The advent of the internet and online chess platforms has allowed for the analysis of vast amounts of data using the tools of statistical physics and complex systems. The popularity of chess has also garnered attention from the scientific community, with early theoretical studies dating back to C. E. Shannon 1. Despite this, people have not lost interest in chess but instead have started using computers to further improve their understanding of the game. Additionally, the iconic match between world champion Garry Kasparov and IBM supercomputer Deep Blue, won by the latter, established the superiority of the computer over the human mind in computational problems, marking a milestone in the history of artificial intelligence. Considered by many to be one of the noblest intellectual arts, chess has played a significant role in human history, including the competition for intellectual supremacy between the Soviet Union and the United States, as seen in the 1972 world championship match between Bobby Fisher and Boris Spassky. Today, 1500 years later, it boasts over 600 million regular players worldwide ( ). Our study not only provides a new perspective on chess analysis but also opens the possibility of suggesting personalized opening recommendations using complex network theory.Ĭhess has captivated countless individuals since its inception in the 6th century. We then apply the Economic Fitness and Complexity algorithm to measure the difficulty of openings and players’ skill levels. Furthermore, we demonstrate how the relatedness network can be used to forecast future openings players will start to play, with back-tested predictions outperforming a random predictor. Using this network, we identify communities of nodes corresponding to the most common opening choices and their mutual relationships. We first define a relatedness network of chess openings that quantifies how similar two openings are to play. In this paper, we use the games played in an online chess platform to exploit the “wisdom of the crowd” and answer questions traditionally tackled only by chess experts. ![]() Opening Theory is one of the pillars of chess and requires years of study to be mastered. Chess is a centuries-old game that continues to be widely played worldwide.
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